Modification with a high degree of complexity. assembly and installation, and much more. Modern industrial converters are also characterized by the following general characteristics: compact design with various designs. crane movement mechanisms and others. crane hoisting gears. food and chemical industries. dispensers with screw or conveyor.

Adopted a unique concept and universal use due to its high dynamic performance. Converters with vector control and a field allow you to work in two versions. Regenerative braking is recommended for the highest moments of inertia of the mechanisms and is performed with four quadrant inverters with an active rectifier rectifier. Some converters require the simultaneous indication of certain parameters. which is rectified by the inverse diodes of the inverter and then dissipated into the heat on the braking resistor using a braking transistor with higher discharges.

In FIG. 45 is a linear displacement diagram and general structure of a lathe feed mechanism. A positioner requires a variable speed controller. Their adjustment and positioning are carried out using special frequency servo converters and special servomotors. the tool table is moved using a “screw nut” and a threaded sleeve. and automation - with the help of specialized controllers. the output signal of which is supplied to the input of the position controller of the position controller along with the prescribed signal for the assignment of linear displacement. which should be synchronized between them.

The principle and general structure of servo positioning. including step by step or point to point. For this work area, the servomotors fall into a fixed coordinate system. The motion controller must contain 2 or 3 position controllers. A block diagram of a typical automatic positioning system is shown in the figure, and the positioner does not have maximum saturation. the deviation is reduced using an interpolator. Coders got the widest scatter. usually. linear or rotating. as well as a coordinated regulatory system. for machining metal or wood parts with a curved profile.

The simultaneous positioning of all servomotors is based on the program. called an interpolator. There are several types of position sensors. from which the position is measured. Block diagram of a typical automatic positioning system. In the case of curvilinear movements in a plane or in space, the positioning system should contain 2 or 3 motor-servomotors. that for high precision positioning. which are divided into two main groups: conditional or absolute. Relative incremental sensors provide a fixed reference point on the circle.

However, in the case of 4-pole or 6-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors, absolute position measurement is required. Designed for every simple part of the motion path. so that both paths match as closely as possible. with the coordinates of the starting and ending points for each of them. consisting of several routines. The tracking path in this case is divided into several typical simple linear or curved sections. identical to that described above.

These points are also referred to as control points. 76 When the actual position value reaches its setpoint. calculating the number of incremental small increments at this point. These converters are used. controlling the actual trajectory at every moment with the help of position transducers and thereby correcting their movements. for measuring the position and speed of induction motors. Really. As a result. and reduces the actual engine speed to zero. electromechanical or photoelectronic. electromagnetic.

Simultaneous and coordinated tuning of all servomotors is required. converted to pulses and counted by a discreet counter. forms the required trajectory of the servomotor. analog or low-key. Oriented by line and special network. As a result. In the process of disk rotation, opaque zones periodically interrupt the light beam. On the opposite side of the disk there are several optical vessels from which the measurement of position begins. The disk is mounted on the motor shaft. which serves as a reference point counted by the numerator.

Appearance of incremental and absolute industrial sensors. which have a relatively small diameter of 9 kg to 5 kg. But a monopolar drive can also consist of an external magnet and a metal disk with voltage applied between the disk spindle and a point on its circumference, as can be seen in the figure above. He cut the metal disk into segments, as shown here: In this case, the current consumption creates an additional magnetic field along the axis of the disk. When the current carriers are tilted in one direction, their magnetic field reduces the external main magnetic field. Thus, the current direction can increase or decrease the external field of the monopole. Amplification is not possible without the use of power. If you can create a reverse magnetic field loop for mechanical devices, then it is likely that this feedback loop loop for solid-state devices such as coils and capacitors can be created. Other parts of this article focus on devices using coils and capacitors. All excerpts from this article have a single purpose - to help understand the principles. Understanding these principles will be very easy if you pay attention to the ferromagnetic shielding of the second coil of the Tesla transformer: in this case, the ferromagnetic screen separates the primary and secondary windings from the transformer, one on top of the other, and this screen can also be used with the reverse loop of the magnetic field reaction. This will be useful for understanding the final part of this article. Answer: The capacitor must be charged using the electromagnetic field of the winding. As a result, the capacitor pumps energy from the surrounding electromagnetic field, and the voltage on it increases due to the cycle. It is necessary to use pulses as short as possible in a “pulse” coil, since the bias current depends on the magnitude of the change in the magnetic field of these balls. Thus, it is necessary to use an uneven magnetic field. To do this, you can install a "pulse" coil, and not in the center of the bell of the Tesla amplifier, but deviate from the center of gravity. Therefore, the voltage between adjacent windings of the coil must be increased. Method: divide the coil into separate parts and place the windings of the first part between the two windings of the second part, then connect the end of the first coil to the beginning of the second coil. The next step is to install magnetic and electric fields as needed to increase power. The way to do this is a dual coil. In this case, the magnetic and electric fields are located exactly in the form necessary to amplify the energy. Now it’s clear why Tesla always said that his double coil was a power amplifier! Comment: for the best load of a distributed coil, it is necessary to use as short electrical pulses as possible, since the bias current, as shown in Maxwell's equations, is very dependent on the magnitude of the magnetic field. Explanation: Travel-based technology. When the capacitor is charged, the de-stacking current generates a circular deformation magnetic field. If ferrite is placed between the plates of the capacitor, a real touch will occur at the edges of the coil. In addition, if an alternating current is applied to the winding of the ferrite winding, a voltage is generated between the capacitor plates. This current is transmitted by the ferromagnetic core. Comment: this diagram is very approximate, with few details. Comment: the excitation frequency is equal to the resonant frequency. Comment: Excitation with one download is possible. The next step is to move this “bait” to one end of the reel near the source of electric charges, which is the Earth. With this small separation, an electric discharge occurs, and the intrinsic stray capacitance of the circuit will be instantly charged with energy entering the circuit outside it. At the ends of the circuit there will be a difference in electric potential, and there will be stray oscillations. The meaning of this electromagnetic field is perpendicular to the latitude of the initial field of the "bait" and, therefore, does not destroy it. This effect is due to the fact that the Tesla amplifier coil consists of two windings rolled in the opposite direction. Spurious oscillations gradually weaken and do not destroy the field generated by the bait. The process repeats the download after the download. More frequent downloads mean more efficiency. The bird is firmly fixed to the wire when an electrical discharge occurs. Comment: Tesla called this technology “electrical load” or “load bearing”. This free energy device generates an alternating electric potential in the environment. Comment: “Giant capacitor” means the maximum possible electric power. Efficiency depends on the voltage and frequency of the reel and on the current in the node. Efficiency also depends on the frequency with which the excitation discharge occurs. Comment: Radiated energy in the environment reduces the efficiency of this process. Comment: transmit and receive coils must have the same resonant frequency. A scarifier can only be connected to the hot end. It is not possible to obtain good discharge if the valve is connected to the “cold” end. As a result, a load is achieved, but the resonance is maintained. Comment: In my opinion, these circuits have errors in the excitation section. Excitation with one load is possible. In Tesla's terminology, this is called pumping or concentration of tasks, tasks come from the earth, which is a source of energy. There are many other secrets on the following pages. All coils are located by specialty. The primary winding is located in the center of the core. The secondary winding consists of two sections that are located at the end of the core. All windings are wound in one direction. Explanation: The electromagnetic field generated by the resonant current and the load current is perpendicular to each other: Thus, although the power is obtained from the load, the resonance is not destroyed by this power. A comment. The task must be chosen to spread the maximum amount of energy through it. At very low or very low loads, the energy will be close to zero. The secondary winding closes the primary winding, and therefore the current flows even when there is no load. The secondary winding can also be adjusted to produce resonance. The bifilar output winding is wound along the entire length of the toroidal core. Remember the “hot” and “cold” ends of a dual coil. Comment: Remember the “Hot” and “Cold” ends of the dual coil. A high voltage transformer is connected to collect excess energy. Explanation: It seems that the capacitor circuit should be charged at an energy level that is higher than the power source. At first glance, this seems impractical, but the problem is currently solved very simply. The power supply is shielded or “blinded” to use Tesla's terminology so that it “does not see” the capacitor charge. To do this, one end of the capacitor is connected to earth, and the other end is connected to a high-voltage coil, the other end of which is free. After connecting a feeder coil to this high-energy level, the electrons on Earth can charge the capacitor to a very high level. In this case, the power system does not “see” at what level the capacitor is charging. Each impulse is considered as the first impulse ever created. Thus, the capacitor can achieve a higher charge level than that provided by the power supply system. After the energy accumulates, it is discharged through the coil. This is an exciting multi-download. Therefore, it will not work efficiently without grounding. This is a possible alternative. Now you can read the reactance value on the red line, which shows a value of 51 ohms. The power source is provided through the spark plug, creating a very sharp signal that contains all the frets in it. At a network frequency, a transformer with a huge core in a strong inverter is needed. This is very similar to the section of the patent issue of Tariel Kapanadze. This method does not require a powerful transformer with a huge core providing 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Comment from Smith Don Smith: There is not a single high-frequency and high-voltage transformer down, but a step-down transformer is used for the network frequency, which means that it requires a huge core. Then the "bait" moves to one end of the circuit at the end, which is a source of electrical loads. The separation between the “bait” and the electrical loads is so small that interruption occurs. The own capacitive capacitance of the circuit will be instantly charged, creating a potential difference at the ends opposite the circuit, which will create stray oscillations. The energy contained in these vibrations is the energy gain we want to capture and use. This energy feeds the burden. This is a very electromagnetic field containing excessive vibrations oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibrations of the “bait field”, and because of this significant difference, the output vibrations do not destroy them. Parasitic vibrations are not gradual, transferring all their energy to the task. This energy amplification process is repeated, unloading after loading. The more downloads load, the higher the output. That is, the higher the load frequency, the higher the output power and process efficiency. Almost no “bait” energy is required at all. In the second case, we need to charge the capacitor at a higher energy level than the power source. At first glance this seems impossible, but the problem is relatively easy to solve. The power source is shielded or “blinded” by Tesla's terminology so that it “does not see” that the capacitor is charged. To do this, one end of the capacitor is connected to the Earth, and the other end to a high-voltage coil, the other end of which is free. Once connected to a high-energy level coil, the electrons on Earth can charge the capacitor to a very high level. In this case, the power system does not see that the capacitor is already charged. Each impulse is regarded as the first ever created. Thus, the capacitor can achieve a higher energy level than the energy source. After the accumulation of energy, it is loaded onto the load with a coil. Connections are displayed in front. Then short circuit one of the inductors. Each half of the reel has 200 despair, with a diameter of 0, 33 mm. Each coil has 200 coils with a diameter of 0.33 mm. Then, the values \u200b\u200bof two measurements were compared. Indications were made before and after the short circuit of the coil. Additional measurements. Experimental conditions: the capacitor is charged from the battery, and then connected to the coil by a diode. During the inversion reaction, half the coil is shorted to the diode, and the inductance should remain unchanged. If, after recharging the capacitor, the voltage across the capacitor will have the same value, then generation will occur. Theoretically, for a classic coil with two windings, this is not possible. Result: the result confirms the forecast - the remaining energy is higher than that of the capacitor of the coil. Result: Confirmation of previous measurements is shown below: Top-up tolerance increased by 10%. In addition, the verification measurement was carried out without a second diode. The result was almost the same as the result of the measurement using a short circuit diode. A 10% absence of voltage can be explained as a loss due to the distributed capacitance of its inductance and resistance. After the main capacitor has been removed from the circuit, you can see the oscillations caused by the distributed capacity of the two windings. This can be explained by considering the moment when both diodes drive, and thus close the circuit. In addition, the voltage on the lower diode is displayed. Result: The capacitor charges without a short circuit. Its final voltage is 0, 8 V, and the increase and decrease in voltage depends on the value of the capacitor. Comment: The task must be chosen correctly in order to get maximum power output. The main current and short circuit current pass through the same output capacitor in the same direction if the output capacitor is discharged. Comment: The coil shown in the above image has a double inductance when its end sections are shorted: Version 2 Don Smith. It is similar to a radio broadcast where the receiver is located far from the transmitter and has no reaction in the opposite direction. The first coil operates in parallel resonance, and the second resonates in series. Explanation: The output wind signal generates a zero potential difference across the slip winding. Comment: The position of the winding should be adjusted for best results. Comment: The position fill position must be adjusted to get the best results. Comment: The position of the winding depends on the permeability of the boundary. Greater permeability means a distribution of infiltration similar to the initial infiltration. The best position. To find the best winding position, connect the designated generator to the output, and then adjust the winding position until zero is reached at the input terminals. To better understand this, read the section on switchable inductors. Comment: This causes a half bobbin to snap in the image above. Result: Most of the common inductance acts as a coil, and a small part acts as a capacitor. This is a well-known fact. The total voltage on the coil is less than on its halves. Result: Semi-fabrication is 4 times higher than that of a full coil. All sections are connected in parallel. The gain current for these special coils is 400%. Answer: It can change the magnetization of the material along the direction of the lines of the magnetic field without the need for a strong external force. Question: Is it true that the resonant frequencies for ferromagnetism are in the region of tens of gigahertz? Answer: Yes, it is true, and the frequency of ferromagnetic resonance depends on the magnetic field. But with ferromagnetism, you can get a resonance without using any external magnetic field, this is the so-called "natural ferromagnetic resonance". In this case, the magnetic field is determined by the local magnetism of the nucleus. The erection of a ferromagnet for a short electromagnetic pulse, even without an external magnetic field, causes a movement of rotation. The magnetization of a ferromagnet can be achieved using an external magnetic field. The acquisition of energy can be caused by strong magnetization caused by an external magnetic field or less powerful. You need to use synchronization for nuclear irradiation and magnetization processes. Useful comment: A ferromagnetic screen will not destroy the inductance of any coil placed inside the cell, given that the contacts of the bobbin are located at one end of the bobbin. The frequency of oscillations in the coil depends on its number of turns. The optimal location should be determined by experimentation. The number of short circuits depends on their own requirements and affects the current gain. The law of conservation of energy is the result of a symmetric interaction. All asymmetric systems are outside the scope of the Energy Conservation Act. Tesla turned his attention to “unipolar” generators in which an adisk or a cylindrical conductor is mounted between magnetic fields adapted to produce an approximately uniform field. In the disk armature of a machine, the currents induced in the flow of a rotating conductor from the center to the periphery, or, conversely, in accordance with the direction of rotation or force lines as de-terminal signals of the magnetic poles, and these currents are usually removed through the joints or slots deposited on the disk at points on its periphery and near its center. In the case of a cylindrical reinforcement machine, the currents generated in the cylinder are removed by brushes applied to the sides of the cylinder at its ends. To create an economical and electromotive force available for practical purposes, it is necessary either to rotate the conductor at a very high speed or to use a large-diameter disk or a long cylinder, but in any case this will happen. Due to the high peripheral speed, it is difficult to provide and maintain a good electrical connection. between the prefab brushes and the conductor. It has been proposed to link two or more disks together with inserts in order to obtain a higher electromotive force, but using the compounds used before and using other conditions of speed and disk size necessary to ensure good practical results, this difficulty is still considered a serious obstacle to use of this kind of generators. Tesla tried to avoid building a machine with fields, each of which has a rotary conductor installed between its cylinders. The same principle applies to both forms of the machine described above, but the description below refers to the type of disc that Mr. Tesla is inclined to favor for a further machine. The machine is constructed in such a way that the direction of magnetism or the order of the poles in one force is opposite to that in the other, so that the rotation of the disks in the same direction develops current in one from the center to the circle and in the other from the circle to the center. The applied contacts to the shafts on which the disks are mounted form the terminals of the electromotive force circuit, in which the force of the electromotive forces of the two disks is located. Obviously, if the direction of magnetism in both directions. Thus, the difficulty of ensuring and maintaining good contact with peripheral disk disks is prevented, as well as an efficient machine that is useful for many purposes, such as the exciter of alternators, for the engine and for any other purpose for which dynamos are used. In FIG. 29 is a side view, partially in section, of this machine. In FIG. 29 shows a vertical section located at right angles to the shafts. They consist of copper, brass or iron and are provided with keys or fixed to their secondary shafts. They are equipped with wide peripheral flanges. Of course, it is obvious that the discs can be isolated from their shafts, if necessary. It is better, however, to use this belt simply as a conductor, and for this, sheet steel, copper or other suitable metal is used. Each shaft is equipped with a drive pulley M, through which power is transmitted from the drive shaft. For clarity, they are shown equipped with springs p, which step on the ends of the shafts. This machine, if it is self-igniting, will have copper strips around the poles, or conductors of any type, such as the wires shown as erosion, can be used. It is considered a suitable compiler to attach here sonotas on unipolar dynamos written by Mr. This is characteristic of fundamental discoveries, great achievements of the intellect, that they retain unchanged strength in the imagination of the thinker. Faraday’s memorable experiment with a disk rotating between two poles of a magnet, which brought such a magnificent fruit, has long passed in everyday experience; Nevertheless, there are some features about this world of real dynamometers and motors, which even today seem striking to us and deserve the most careful study. Take the engine first. In all conventional engines, the operation depends on a certain shift or change in the result of magnetic attraction acting on the armature, and this process is carried out either using any mechanical device on the tomor, or under the action of currents of a proper nature. But in the above example of a disk completely surrounded by polar surfaces, there is no shift in magnetic action, without changes, as far as we know, and there is still force. In this case, the usual considerations do not apply, we can’t even give a superficial explanation, as in conventional engines, and the operation will be clear to us only when you recognize the very nature of the corresponding forces and understand the secret of the invisible connecting mechanic. This disk, regarded as a dynamo machine, is an equally interesting object of study. In addition to the features of one-way recoil without the use of switching devices, such a machine differs from ordinary dynamos in that there is no reaction between the valve and the field. The armature current tends to adjust the magnetization at right angles to the field current, but since the current is uniquely removed from all points of the periphery, and since, to be precise, the external circuit can also be located perfectly symmetrical to the field magnet, the reaction cannot occur. However, this takes place only as long as the magnets are weakly energized, since when the magnets are more or less saturated, both magnetizations at right angles seem to interfere with each other. For the above reason, apparently, the output of such a machine should be much larger with the same weight than any other machine in which the armature current is directed to the demagnetization of the field. Again, the object with which such a machine can be called strikes on its own, but this may be due to the lack of reaction of the armature to the ideal smoothness of the current and the absence of self-induction. Again, in this case there are points worthy of attention. If the disk rotates and the field interruption is interrupted, the current through the armature will continue to flow, and the field magnets will slowly lose their strength. The reason for this will immediately appear when we consider the direction of the currents installed on the disk. The combined effect of the assumed branches of the currents can be represented by a single current in the same direction as the field excitation. In other words, the eddy currents circulating on the disk activate the field magnet. This is a result completely opposite to what we might have assumed at first, since we would naturally expect that the arising effect of the armature currents would be like the transfer of field current, as it usually happens when the primary and secondary conductors are placed in an inductive relationship each other. But it should be remembered that this is due to the special location in this case, namely, two paths provided by the flow, and the latter chooses the path that offers the least opposition to its flow. From this we see that the currents flowing in the disk partially activate the field, and for this case, when the field current is interrupted, the currents in the disks will continue to flow, and the field magnet will lose its strength with comparative slowness and may even hold - hold on while the rotation of the disc continues. For a certain speed, there would be a maximum amplifying effect, and then at higher speeds it would gradually decrease to zero and, finally, would reverse, i.e. the arising eddy current effect would have to weaken the field. In experiments with alternative motors in which the field was displaced by currents of different phases, this interesting result was observed. For very low field rotation speeds, the engine will show 900 pounds. or more, measured on a 12 inch diameter pulley. When the rotation speed of the poles increased, the torque would decrease, finally it would drop to zero, become negative, and then the reinforcement would start to rotate in the opposite direction to the field. Let us return to the main subject: accept the conditions so that the eddy currents arising during the rotation of the disk strengthen the field, and assume that the latter is gradually removed while the disk continues to rotate at an increased speed. The current, once started, may then be sufficient to sustain itself and even increase strength, and then we are dealing with the current battery of Sir William Thomson. But from the above considerations, it would seem that for the success of the experiment, the use of a disk that is not subdivided 1 would be essential, since if there were a radial division, eddy currents could not form and the self-acting action would cease. If a radially divided disk were used, it would be necessary to connect the spokes with a conductive rim or in any appropriate way to form a symmetrical system of closed circuits. For example, in fig. 293 and 294 show how a machine with a disk reinforcing force is excited. The magnets form two separate fields, an internal and external solid disk rotating in Thomson, in which Sir William, speaking of his “uniform electric current accumulator”, suggests that for self-excitation it is desirable to divide the disk into an infinite number of finely divided spokes to prevent current diffusion . Suppose the magnets are slightly charged at the beginning; they could enhance the effect of eddy currents in a solid disk to provide a stronger field for peripheral coils. Although there is no doubt that, under the right conditions, the machine can be driven this way or the like, if there was sufficient evidence to support such a claim, such a drive would be wasteful. But a unipolar dynamo or engine, for example, shown in Fig. 292 can be effectively excited by simply selecting the disk or cylinder in which the currents are installed, and it is practically possible to get rid of the field coils that are usually performed. Such a plan is shown in Fig. With this arrangement, the current flowing through the disk and the external circuit will not have a noticeable effect on the field magnet. But let's now assume that the disk should be divided spirally, since the potential difference between the point on the shaft and the point on the periphery will remain unchanged in both sign and quantity. The only difference will be that the resistance of the drive will be increased and that there will be a greater potential drop from a point on the shaft to a point on the periphery when the same current converts the external circuit. But since the current is forced to follow the division lines, we see that it will tend to excite or de-energize the field, and this will depend, all other things being equal, on the direction of the sub-division lines. However, two such disks can be combined, as indicated, two disks rotating in opposite fields and in the same direction. Such an arrangement, of course, can be made in the form of a machine in which, instead of a disk, the cylinder rotates. Such unipolar machines, as indicated, conventional field coils and poles can be omitted, and the machine can only be made of a cylinder or two discs covered by rolled metal. In the writer's experience, it was found that instead of taking current from two such disks with the help of sliding contacts, as usual, it is possible to use a flexible conductive tape. The disks in this case are equipped with large flanges, which provides a very large contact surface. The belt must be secured to spring pressure flanges to increase it. Several machines with tape contact were designed by the author two years ago and worked satisfactorily, but due to lack of time, work in this direction was temporarily suspended. Some functions mentioned above were also used by the author in connection with some types of current motors. Tesla decided to change this version of the monopolar engine. . The simplest version of the electric motor is a wire coil installed in the magnetic field of an electromagnet.